Vital signs, such as temperature and blood pressure, provide critical information about a person’s health. The idea of including nutrition screening as a health vital sign, particularly for children and pregnant women, has been around for many years — but the concept remains underused and under-assessed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A report lays out the findings from an expert consultation held by MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, detailing the challenges and opportunities for using nutrition assessments and screening measures in the context of antenatal and postnatal care in LMICS. A concept note presents further desk reviews, analyses, and next steps to move forward with the use of nutrition screening tools as a health vital sign in LMICs.