It is important for agencies supporting health systems in low and middle-income countries to focus on methodologies and tools that facilitate feasible, scalable, and appropriate responses to public health challenges that do not show significant progress even after substantial effort toward improvement. The Behaviorally Focused Applied Political Economy Analysis (BF-APEA), developed by MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership, is a methodology that facilitates a holistic approach to these challenges. The BF-APEA maps visible and invisible causes behind challenges and then determines effective solutions to sustainable health outcomes.