MOMENTUM Routine Immunization Transformation and Equity, in partnership with the Government of India (GoI) and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, developed a multi-faceted monitoring, evaluation, and learning system for COVID-19 vaccination activities and adapted it to accommodate the project’s rapid start-up and growth in the ever-evolving pandemic context in 18 states across India. This case study outlines the data management flow, data process and systems, and the corresponding benefits, challenges, and opportunities, and summarizes key lessons.